مدیریت منازعۀ عربستان سعودی و جمهوری اسلامی ایران، موانع و راهکارها

        The relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia have become a complex and challenging issue due to the current developments, especially after 2011. On the one hand, internal security has become the most important concern of the two parties, especially Saudi Arabia, and on the other hand, regional developments have provided the ground for competition to increase the sphere of influence between the two countries, and more importantly, Saudi Arabia has a greater degree of adherence to international developments than the Islamic Republic of Iran, especially the United States. In general, the relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia can be defined in a historical fluctuation, a fluid state between "interaction", "tolerance", "confrontation" and "conflict". Accordingly, it has been very rare for relations between the two countries to be in a state of prolonged interaction or conflict; the two countries of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia, despite many similarities, have not been able to reach an agreement on common and even close definitions, thus leading to a threatening understanding of each other so that the two countries see a bright horizon in their relations hesitantly; Therefore, the research question is the lack of knowledge of solutions and obstacles in the management of the conflict between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia, it is what are the important components in the management of the conflict between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia? .The research method of this research is analytical and descriptive. This is a qualitative research in which the researcher collects data through various sources and uses interviews with experts and analyzes the issue and then creates a conceptual framework based on the five dimensions of Buzan security and points to patterns of friendship and enmity; Based on this conceptual framework, the differences between Iran and Saudi Arabia can be seen in all these aspects of classical security, economic, social, political and even environmental. Accordingly, Buzan's approach also points out that security has taken on different dimensions since the 1990s, and it can be said that the five dimensions of Buzan's security and Buzan's definition of security can indicate that the major differences between Iran and Saudi Arabia fall into these five dimensions. The researcher further examines the obstacles in the relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia, such as obstacles in the field of politics and security, obstacles in the field of geoeconomics, obstacles in the field of ideology, the position of trans-regional actors in the conflict between Iran and Saudi Arabia. Iran and Saudi Arabia, such as moving from an absolutist to a relativistic point of view, thematic prioritization of interests, avoidance of entering the red line, mutual understanding of the two actors of implicit division of regional sphere of influence and ensuring not to enter the sphere of influence of a rival actor in a realistic sense, it refers to high politics and the use of formal principles and channels instead of informal principles. In a general summary, the researcher points out that currently "perceptions" and "misconceptions" by the political elites of the two countries are the most important variables in the stability of tensions between the two countries, and this is not something that can be discussed. Political and the promise of mutual trust can be resolved; Therefore, accurate identification of the red lines of each party and its observance or, at a minimum, the ability to bargain over it can help a lot to resolve reciprocal problems. Finally, it should be said that the establishment of diplomatic relations is the most important and only official channel that can convey the common intentions of the two countries without misunderstanding and mediation.