جایگاه راهبرد ائتلاف‌شکنی در سیاست خارجی جمهوری اسلامی ایران ( مطالعه موردی: شورای همکاری خلیج ‌فارس )

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری روابط بین الملل، استادیار گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه آیت الله العظمی بروجردی

2 دکتری مطالعات استراتژیک-استادیار گروه علوم سیاسی دانشگاه آیت ا... العظمی بروجردی ره

چکیده
اعضای شورای همکاری خلیج‌فارس بر خلاف ائتلاف ظاهری، فاقد یک رویکرد منسجم در سیاست خارجی هستند. در این میان قطر و عمان به دلایل محتلف داخلی و خارجی، از نامتجانس‌ترین سیاست خارجی نسبت به سایر اعضای شورا برخوردارند. این شرایط فرصتی برای جمهوری اسلامی ایران فراهم کرده است تا با توسعه و تحکیم روابط خود با قطر و عمان در حوزه‌های مختلف، سیاسی، امنیتی و اقتصادی، به جذب بیشتر این دو کشور در سیاست‌های منطقه‌ای خود و جدا‌سازی آنها از شورای همکاری خلیج فارس بپردازد. در این راستا، راهبرد ائتلاف‌شکنی از مهمترین دستورکارهای سیاست خارجی ایران در برخورد با شورای همکا‌ری خلیج فارس بوده است. سوال مقاله این است که جمهوری اسلامی ایران چگونه از واگرایی میان اعضای شورای همکاری خلیج فارس در راستای تحقق اهداف و منافع خود بهره می‌برد؟ در پاسخ به سوال مذکور، این فرضیه مطرح شده ‌است که «با توجه به وجود واگرایی‌های سیاسی میان برخی اعضای شورای همکاری خلیج فارس، در سطوح‌ منطقه‌ای ‌و ‌فرامنطقه‌ای‌، جمهوری اسلامی ایران در کنار موازنه‌گری داخلی از راهبرد ائتلاف‌شکنی در جهت در جهت جلوگیری ازشکل‌گیری اتحاد منطقه‌ای علیه این کشور و ایجاد همگرایی با اعضای نامتجانس شورای همکاری خلیج فارس استفاده می‌کند.» پژوهش حاضر با شیوه توصیفی-تحلیلی و با رویکرد موردی انجام شده است. در رویکرد موردی به طور جزئی‌نگر و به روش کیفی و با کاربست نظریه در «مورد»، به مطالعه دقیق ابعاد آن مورد و تفسیر و تحلیل داده‌های پیرامون آن پرداخته می‌شود.جمع‌آوری داده‌ها به شیوه کتابخانه‌ای، استفاده از مجلات علمی ومنابع معتبر اینترنتی صورت گرفته‌ است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The Status of Wedge Strategy in the Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Case Study: Persian Gulf Cooperation Council)

نویسندگان English

Abdolmajid Seifi, 1
Mohammad Nia, ‌Mahdi 2
1 Phd. in International Relations, Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Ayatollah Borujerdi University
2 Phd. in Strategic Studies-Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Ayatollah Borujerdi University
چکیده English

The members of the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council, unlike the apparent alliance, lack a coherent approach in foreign policy. Some of these differences are rooted in regional contexts and their relationship with the Islamic Republic of Iran. These conditions have provided an opportunity for the Islamic Republic of Iran to expand and strengthen its relations with Qatar and Oman in various political, security and economic fields, to attract these two countries in its regional policies and separate them from the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council. In this regard, the “wedge strategy” has been one of the most important agendas of Iran's foreign policy in dealing with the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council. Therefore, The question of the article is, how does the Islamic Republic of Iran take advantage of the divergence among the members of the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council in order to realize its goals and interests?
In response to the mentioned question, this hypothesis has been proposed that " Due to the existence of political divergences among some members of the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council, at the regional and extra-regional levels, the Islamic Republic of Iran, along with internal balancing, uses “wedge strategy” in order to prevent the creation of a regional alliance against this country and to converge with incompatible members of the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council”. The current research was carried out using the descriptive-analytical method and data collection was done in a library manner, using scientific journals and reliable internet sources.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

"Wedge strategy"
"Iran"
"Persian Gulf Cooperation Council"
"Qatar"
"Oman"
Ajorlu, Hossein (2017). An Analysis of the Crisis in Qatar's Relations with some Countries of the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council, Abrar Maazer, Tehran, June 6. available at: https://tisri.org/?id=lnx4qv9v . [In Persian]
Albasoos, Ali; Al Hasni, Al Shizawi (2019). The Nature of Oman’s Relations with Iran, Journal of Arts & Social Sciences, Vol.10, No.1, PP. 6-14.
Aljazeera (2020). Qatar rules out normalising relations with Israel, Sep 15. available at: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/9/15/qatar-rules-out-normalising-relations-with-israel
Alvarez-Ossorio, Ignacio (2021). The Foreign Policy of Qatar: From a Mediating Role to an Active one. Revista Española de Ciencia Política, No.56, DOI:10.21308/recp.56.04 . [In Persian]
Azmoudeh, Fahimeh (2020). From Cooperation to Conflict, a Look at Oman's Approach in the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council. Institute of the Islamic World Future Studies, Aug 13, available at: https://tisri.org/?id=lnx4qv9v. [In Persian]
Baabood, Abdullah (2018). The Middle East’s New Battle Line. European Council of Foreign Relations, available at: https://ecfr.eu/special/battle_lines/qatar_regional
Cafiero, Giorgio A. (2023). Diplomatic bridge: Oman's relations with Iran. The New Arab, 9 ‌January, available at: ‌https://www.newarab.com/analysis/diplomatic-bridge-omans-relations-iran
Crawford, Timothy (2011). Preventing Enemy Coalitions: How Wedge Strategies Shape Power Politics, International Security, Vol. 35, No. PP.155-189.
Dunne, Tim; Smith, Steve; Kurki, Milja (2013). International Relations Theories, Translated by Abdolmajid Seifi. Tehran: Mizan Press.[u1]  [In Persian]
Fars News (2020). A look at the Positions of the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council Countries about the Union Plan, Dec 9, available at: https://www.farsnews.ir/news/13920919001094/
Golkarami, Abed; Mottaghi, Afshin (2022). Explanation of The Islamic Republic of Iran’s Behaviors in the Persian Gulf Region: Conditional-based Foreign Policy versus Positional-based Geopolitics, Human Geography Research Quarterly, Vol.54. No.1, PP. 95-114, Doi: 10.22059/JHGR.2020.306430.1008145
Hamshahri Online (2017). The Collapsing of Persian Gulf Cooperation Council, May 31, available at: https://www.hamshahrionline.ir/news/371953
Harrison, Ross (2021). The GCC versus Iran: Low Intensity War, High Intensity Conflict, Arab Center for Research & Policy Studies, 4 April, https://www.dohainstitute.org/en/Lists/ACRPS-PDFDocumentLibrary/The-GCC-versus-Iran-Low-Intensity-War-High-Intensity-Conflict.pdf
Huang, Yuxing (2020). An Interdependence Theory of Wedge Strategies, The Chinese Journal of International Politics, Vol.13, No.2, PP.253-286
ISNA (2019). Qatar's Objection to the Final Statement of the Meeting of Arab Leaders and the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council in Mecca, June 3, available at: https://www.isna.ir/news/98031305708/ [In Persian]
 Izumikawa, Yasuhiro (2013). To Coerce or Reward? Theorizing Wedge Strategies in Alliance Politics, Security Studies, Vol.22, No.3, PP.498-531
Karami, Amir Saeeid; Dost Mohammadi, Ahmad (2017). Geopolitical Analysis of Iran and Oman Relations Before and After the Islamic Revolution, International Quarterly of Geopolitics, Vol.12, No.43, Doi: 20.1001.1.17354331.1395.12.43.5.5. [In Persian]
Nasirzadeh, Mahammad; Mohammad Alipour, Farideh (2021). Identity and Neutralism in Oman's Foreign Policy in the Middle East, Quarterly Journal of Fundamental and Applied Studies of the Islamic World, Vol. 3, No. 8, PP. 149-176. [In Persian]
Nataghpour, Mahdi; Besharati, Mahdi; Rafiei, Ehsan (2017). Investigating the Effective Factors of the Convergence of Iran and Oman and its Impact on the National Security of the Islamic Republic, Defense Policy, Vol. 25, No. 98, PP. 63-81. [In Persian]
Pape, Robert (2005). Soft Balancing against the United States, International Security, Vol. 30, No.1, PP.7-45.
Parent, Joseph; Rosato, Sebastian (2015). Balancing in Neorealism, International Security, Vol.40, No.2,PP. 51-86. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/43828295
Roberts, David (2017). Securing the Qatari State, The Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington, 7 May, https://agsiw.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Roberts_Qatar_ONLINE.pdf
Simbar, Reza; Salehiyan, Tajoldin (2017). The Evolutions of International System after the Cold War and the New Variations of Force Balance, Journal of Politics and International Relations, Vol.1, No.1, Doi: 10.22080/JPIR.2017.1691. [In Persian]
Sorosh, Hamid; Ahmadi, Hossein; Basiri, Mohammad Ali (2020). Reviewing Qatar's Role in the Persian Gulf with an Emphasis on Qatar-US relations, International Relations Researches, Vol. 11, No.4, Doi: 10.22080/JPIR.2017.1691. [In Persian]
Ulrichsen, Kristian (2014). Qatar and the Arab Spring, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Walt, Stephe (1987). The Origins Of Alliances, New York: Cornell University Press.
Wigell, Mikael (2019). Hybrid Interference as a Wedge Strategy: a Theory of External Interference InLiberal Democracy, International Affairs, Vol.95, No. PP. 255-275.
Zaccara, Luciano; Mohiddin, Wafa Sultana (2021). Qatar and Iran: Regional Roles, Risks and Opportunities in ‌Keynoush, Banafsheh (ed). Iran’s Interregional Dynamics in the Near East, Peter Lang Inc: International Academic Publishers.