This article examines the Shanghai Cooperation Organization's (SCO) formation process, developments, and the approach to combating terrorism. The SCO Initially established with the aim of resolving border disputes and enhancing regional security among member states and then gradually evolved into a multifaceted institution with activities spanning security, economic, social, and cultural domains. However, the organization's primary focus remains on security cooperation, particularly in countering the threats posed by terrorism, extremism, and separatism. In this regard, the SCO's regional anti-terrorism framework plays a key role in coordinating security intelligence and conducting joint operations. This study, employing a descriptive-analytical approach and utilizing Buzan's "Regional Security Complex" theory, analyzes the SCO's anti-terrorism strategy. The findings indicate that the organization's current approach is primarily confrontational and operational, focusing on safeguarding the status quo of member states against separatism and extremism; however, preventive measures, addressing state-sponsored terrorism, and human rights considerations have not received sufficient attention. Furthermore, the research highlights the necessity of strengthening institutional and legal frameworks for effective counter-terrorism efforts. This article also provides recommendations for improving operational mechanisms and enhancing international cooperation in the fight against terrorism. Among these suggestions are the formulation of unified policies to combat common threats, the development of anti-terrorism capacities in member states, and the assurance of inevitable punishment for terrorist acts.